Sleeping late and waking up late increases diabetes risk; study report
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Sleeping late at night has a significant negative impact on your health with chances of developing diabetes
Sleeping late at night has a significant negative impact on your health with chances of developing diabetes.
Research has unveiled a concerning connection between being a “night owl” or having an “evening chronotype” – characterized by staying up late and waking up later – and a 19% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to early risers.
A new study has found that “night owls” who head to bed late and wake late face a much greater chance of developing diabetes than “early birds.”
Being a “night owl” is associated with a greater incidence of type 2 diabetes, according to a new study from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Massachusetts.
The study found that people who go to bed late and get up late are 19% more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than early birds after considering all sociodemographic and lifestyle factors.
Every person has a natural inclination for when they prefer to sleep called a “chronotype.” Your chronotype may be early-to-bed, early-to-rise; late-to-bed, late-to-rise; or somewhere in between.
Chronotypes are influenced by genetics and driven by circadian rhythms, the body’s natural processes that are guided by light and dark during a 24-hour period.
The study involved 63,676 nurses from the ages of 45 to 62. Each participant filled out a questionnaire every two years from 2009 until 2017.
None had a history of cancer, cardiovascular disease, or diabetes at the study’s outset.
Of the participants, 11% described themselves as having a “definite evening” chronotype, while 35% said they had a “definite morning” chronotype.
The researchers also considered an intermediate chronotype for people not strongly associating with the other chronotypes.
Evening chronotype people were 54% more likely to have unhealthy lifestyle habits, including smoking, inadequate sleep duration, higher weight and BMI, lack of physical activity, and poorer-quality diet.
Before factoring for socioeconomic factors, shift work, family history of diabetes, and several of these lifestyle habits — especially high BMI and low physical activity levels — the risk of diabetes for people with an evening chronotype was much higher at 72%.
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This suggests that these factors, as opposed to an evening chronotype itself, may have much to do with the higher incidence of diabetes.
In his research Source, Dr. Malin has found that evening chronotypes have a host of risk factors not shared by their morning counterparts, including “greater insulin resistance, higher blood pressure, and heart rate levels when performing daily acts of living up to intense exercise, as well as [using] less fat for energy.”
Dr. Malin linked eating later in the day to an interruption in sleep “such that it becomes a vicious cycle of poor sleep and behaviors promoting disease.”
Some, he noted, refer to the disconnect between the body’s need for, or want of, sleep with one’s actual wakeup time as “social jet lag.”
The result is a stress response called the “hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis that promotes neurologic activity favoring wanting.” The later-in-the-day desire for certain foods or substances, such as sweet/fatty foods or cigarettes, “align with the neural circuitry and supports the behavior and feels good.”
The result suggests that other factors, such as sleep patterns themselves and their effect on metabolism and hormones, may contribute to diabetes risk.
“Short sleep duration and/or sleep deprivation [for example] have been associated with increased diabetes risk,” says Dr. Kim.
“Although mechanisms are still being investigated, short sleep may increase hormones for appetite and stress and increase inflammation, which can lead to insulin resistance, a known mechanism to worsen glucose control.”
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